{"id":2882,"date":"2024-06-30T17:12:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T15:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ewspa.edu.pl\/e-czasopismo\/nr-4-2\/prezydent-jako-swiadek-w-procesie-cywilnym\/"},"modified":"2024-07-03T16:49:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:49:28","slug":"the-president-as-a-witness-in-a-civil-trial","status":"publish","type":"e-czasopismo","link":"https:\/\/ewspa.edu.pl\/en\/e-czasopismo\/nr-4-2\/the-president-as-a-witness-in-a-civil-trial\/","title":{"rendered":"The President As a Witness in a Civil Trial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Abstract<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The President of the Republic of Poland is the highest representative of the Republic of Poland (Article 126[1] of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland), being at the same time one of the organs of the bicameral executive (executive power). Although he or she
is the \u2018first person in the state\u2019, the \u2018most important person in the state\u2019, the person who holds this office is at the same time a citizen of the Republic of Poland and therefore has rights and obligations under the law. While the 1930 Code of Civil Procedure mentions the President as a witness, the current Code of Civil Procedure does not contain any regulation on this matter. The study will show that, in general, in a civil trial, the legal status of the President of the Republic of Poland is analogous to the legal situation of other participants in these proceedings and there are no legal obstacles to his appearance before the court as a witness, with the exclusions and limitations resulting from the norms of the statutory rank. The summoning of the President of the Republic of Poland
as a witness results in him being heard on general principles, although restraint on the part of the courts as regards summoning him to testify in this capacity is advisable. The court should, although it is not obliged to do so, make arrangements with the President of the Republic (his Chancellery) as to the time and place for taking evidence from him. This is for practical and courteous reasons. It is all the more important because the taking of evidence from a witness does not have to take place at the seat of the court. Thus, there is no obstacle to the President of the Republic being heard at a place convenient for him. At the same time, however, there are no grounds to differentiate the situation of the President of the Republic of Poland (in relation to other citizens) as to the sanctions under Article 276 of the Code of Civil Procedure, i.e. the penalty of a fine or even arrest for unjustified refusal to testify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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